Santa Barbara Song Sparrow Facts

Santa Clause Barbara Song Sparrow Facts The Santa Barbara Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia graminea, sensu) is a now-terminated subspecies of tune sparrow that lived on Santa Barbara Island in California and was most firmly identified with the Channel Island Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia graminea). It was one of the littlest of the 23 subspecies of melody sparrows and had an energetic short tail. Quick Facts: Santa Barbara Song Sparrow Logical Name: Melospiza melodia graminea, sensuCommon Name: Santa Barbara Song SparrowBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 4.7â€6.7 inches; wingspan 7.1â€9.4 inchesWeight: 0.4â€1.9 ouncesLifespan: 4 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: On Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands, CaliforniaPopulation: 0Conservation Status: Extinct Portrayal There are 34 subspecies of melody sparrows on the planet: It is one of the most polytypic fowls in North America, with a decent arrangement of variety, particularly in geologically confined species. The Santa Barbara Song Sparrow took after other comparative subspeciesâ and is portrayed as most intently looking like the Heermanns Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia heermanni). It was one of the littlest melody sparrow subspecies and was portrayed by an especially dim back with dim streaks. Most melody sparrows are browner in shading with dull streaks. When all is said in done, a melody sparrows bosom and tummy are white with dull streaking and a dim earthy colored spot in the bosom. It has an earthy colored topped head and a long, earthy colored tail that is adjusted on the end. The sparrows face is dark and streaked. The Santa Barbara tune sparrows were recognized from other melody sparrows by a littler, increasingly thin bill, and a tail which was shorter than the wing. Natural surroundings and Range The Santa Barbara Song Sparrow was known to exist just on 639-section of land Santa Barbara Island (the littlest of the Channel Islands) in Los Angeles County, California. The sparrows common living space on the island was a lot of like the territory of different types of the melody sparrow, which are commonly plentiful and versatile on the terrain United States. Living space parts on the island that the sparrow depended on included: Bushes of bushes like sagebrush, thick prairies, and other inferior vegetation for settling and haven (cover)Food assets, for example, monster (Coreopsis gigantean, likewise called the tree sunflower), the Santa Barbara Island live-everlastingly, shrubby buckwheat, and chicoryStanding or running new water or a reliable wellspring of dampness from haze or dew Diet and Behavior When all is said in done, melody sparrows are known to much of the time scavenge on the ground and furthermore in low vegetation where they are shielded from predators by shrubberies and bushes. Like other tune sparrow species, the Santa Barbara Song Sparrow ate an assortment of plant seeds and creepy crawlies (counting bugs, caterpillars, honey bees, ants and wasps, and flies). In spring, during the times of settling and raising of youthful, creepy crawlies expanded as far as the significant segments of the sparrows diet. The all year diet of tune sparrows in California is 21 percent bugs and 79 percent plants; the tune sparrow likewise eats shellfish and mollusks on the coasts. Proliferation and Offspring In view of surviving types of tune sparrows on San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Anacapa islands in the Channels, the Santa Barbara melody sparrow fabricated reduced, open homes of twigs and other plant material, which were alternatively fixed with grass. The female laid three broods for every season, each between two to six red-earthy colored checked, light green eggs. Hatching extended from 12â€14 days and was tended to by the female. The two guardians were engaged with the taking care of until the sparrows were fledged 9â€12 days later.â The winged animals were sequentially and all the while polygamous, and DNA considers indicated that 15 percent or a greater amount of the youthful were sired outside the social pair. Elimination Process During the principal half of the twentieth century, sparrow settling natural surroundings (scour vegetation) on Santa Barbara Island started vanishing because of clearing land for cultivating and from perusing by presented goats, European bunnies, and New Zealand red hares. Unnatural predation likewise compromised sparrows during this time, after the acquaintance of residential felines with the island. The sparrows characteristic predators incorporated the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), Common Raven (Corvus corax), and Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). Indeed, even with these new difficulties to its endurance, the melody sparrows kept up a suitable populace through the late spring of 1958. Lamentably, an enormous fire in 1959 wrecked the majority of the sparrows remaining natural surroundings. The flying creatures are thought to have been extirpated from the island during the 1960s since long stretches of escalated overviews and checking all through the 1990s didn't uncover any occupant tune sparrows on the island. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service authoritatively established that the Santa Barbara Song Sparrow was wiped out and expelled it from the jeopardized species list on October 12, 1983, refering to lost living space and predation by non domesticated felines. Sources Arcese, Peter et al. Tune Sparrow Melospiza melodia. Fowls of North America: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, January 1, 2002. BirdLife International 2016. Melospiza melodia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened: e.T22721058A94696727, 2016. Santa Clause Barbara tune sparrow (Melospiza melodia . ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.â graminea: Delisted due to ExtinctionVan Rossem, A. J. â€Å"A Survey of the Song Sparrows of the Santa Barbara Islands.† The Condor 26.6 (1924): 217â€220.Zink, Robert M., and Donna L. Dittmann. Quality Flow, Refugia, and Evolution of Geographic Variation in the Song Sparrow (Melospiza Melodia). Development 47.3 (1993): 717â€29.

Global population aging trends and issues

Worldwide populace maturing patterns and issues Populace maturing, as a worldwide issue, has gotten progressively significant in these couple of decades. With respect to this issue, the U.S. State Department and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has facilitated a report named Why Population Aging Matters: A Global Perspective in March 15, 2007. This report secured nine patterns identified with populace maturing which present a preview of difficulties and openings indicating why populace maturing matters. In which the initial five patterns depict the worldwide segment changes as of late and the last four patterns show the difficulties and openings that brought about by populace maturing. We welcome the exertion of the creators in raising worldwide mindfulness. Each report, in any case, have reinforces and restrictions. By contending with certain focuses referenced in the report, we attempt to consummate it by renewing it with more data. Strategy Planned for raising open mindfulness about worldwide maturing issues, empowering increasingly cross-country logical research and universal investigations and invigorating biochemical, monetary, conduct and political discoursed, this report utilized a lot of measurements to show the effects of populace maturing on countries. To show the entire image of the worldwide issue, the specialists didn't lead meets and request the insights without anyone else; rather, they accumulated the current information from various piece of the world. For the most part, these information are from the United Nations, US Census Bureau, and the Statistical Office of the European Communities just as some territorial reviews. Synopsis of the report Pattern 1 The general populace is maturing As indicated by the exploration done by United countries Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the worldwide level of small kids is diminishing while the level of more seasoned individuals increments strongly particularly in the coming decades. In around 2017, more established individuals will dwarf little youngsters in estimation. In 2006, very nearly 500 million individuals are more seasoned individuals, who share 8% of worldwide populace, and it is normal that the number will increment to 1 billion out of 2030. Additionally, the speed of populace maturing is higher in creating nations than in created nations. For instance, France, as a created nation, has taken 115years for the extent of the more seasoned individuals to increment 7%. Be that as it may, in some creating nations like Singapore, 19 years is sufficient to arrive at a similar rate. Populace maturing is a worldwide pattern where the level of improvement of the nations influences its pace. Pattern 2 Life hope is expanding Change in Life hope mirrors a wellbeing progress which is described by numerous progressions including a move from high to low ripeness, a consistent increment in future during childbirth and at more seasoned ages and a move from the power of irresistible and parasitic ailments to the developing effect of non-transmittable illnesses and incessant conditions. Some logical research shows that the human endurance bend in the two ladies and men moved upward. The future during childbirth has expanded from 45years in 1950 to over 79 years today. It suggests that the future increments in each and every age and passings are exceptionally amassed at more established ages. Pattern 3 The quantity of most seasoned old is rising Individuals matured 85 or about are characterized as the most seasoned old. As of now, the most seasoned old establishes 7% of the universes 65-and-over populace, in which 10 % was in progressively evolved nations and 5% was in less evolved nations. On a worldwide level, the 85-and-over populace is anticipated to increment 151% somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2030.More than half of the universes most established old live in China, the United States, India, Japan, Germany, and Russia. Living from birth to age 100 may have ascended from 1 of every 20 million to 1 out of 50 by 2030 for females in low-mortality country, state, Japan, in estimation. Pattern 4 Non-transmittable infections are turning into a developing weight There is an epidemiological progress that the non-transferable illnesses have become the concentration considering worldwide maturing. Before, countless individuals were murdered by irresistible and parasitic illness. In any case, non-transferable and interminable infections are the significant reason for death in both created and creating nations these days. Concerning this pattern, there are three elaborations of the circumstance: 1) Compression of grimness decline in incapacity as future builds; 2) development of horribleness increment in handicap as future increments; and 3) decline in serious inability however increment in milder interminable sickness. With the expansion in future as a rule and the non-reporter handicap rate in various nations, it requires more investigations and research to see which elaboration offers a superior clarification of the genuine circumstance Pattern 5 Aging and populace decrease Synchronous populace maturing and populace decrease are going on in certain nations. Where the worldwide populace is maturing, in excess of 20 nations are anticipated to encounter populace decreases in the up and coming decades. An examination done by U.S. Evaluation Bureau shows that Russias populace decays the most quickly (- 18 millions) somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2030. Following is Japan. The anticipated populace decrease in Japan is 11 millions somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2030. Pattern 6 Changing family structure In pattern 6, it is about the world pattern of changing family structure. Low ripeness rate implies more seasoned individuals have less family care and backing. Family structure is change from atomic or more distant family change to different kinds for example separate, remarriage, non marriage, deliberately childless. Numerous individuals are living alone in more established age. As per the perusing, in some European nations, in excess of 40 percent of ladies age 65 and more seasoned live alone. What's more, the chart additionally show the pattern in Japan, the more seasoned individuals living alone have becoming quicker in 1960-2000. Along these lines, the expense of long haul care is a weight to families and society. Pattern 7 Shifting examples of work and retirement Individuals will in general work at more seasoned ages. From the figure, we can see the European business rate at age 55-64 have clear increment during 1994-2005. Starting during the 1990s, a workforce cooperation rate for more established ladies has been a consistent increment. That implies ladies have capacity to collect and control monetary assets in more seasoned age. Be that as it may, the activity kinds of older are from all day work changing to low maintenance occupation or progress work. As indicated by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), future has expanded and the retirement ages have diminished. In 1960, men on normal could hope to go through 46 years in the workforce. In 1995, the quantity of years in the workforce had diminished to 37. Along these lines, in the event that we need to build workforce, we should set up a high retirement age to keep up enough workforce in the market. Pattern 8 Evolving Social protection frameworks As the circumstance of populace maturing, the expanding benefits use. As indicated by our readings 25 EU nations expended one-eighth of total national output in 2003. Numerous nations change their mature age social protection programs. For instance, Japan rose the benefits age: mens annuity age from 60 to 65, ladies from 57 to 65. So as to help the monetary security, some administration Increase charge rate on laborers for example Twenty-four Europe nations currently have finance charge rates that rise to or surpass 20 percent of wages.(P.21) Pattern 9 Emerging monetary difficulties It says that populace maturing is influencing on neighborhood and worldwide economies. Along these lines numerous nations have some social projects that are focus to the more seasoned populace primarily human services and pay bolster programs. 1) Fully subsidize program: This portrays a superannuation support whose advantages are adequate to meet all the assets liabilities 2) Pay-as-you-go framework: A technique for paying personal duty where the business deducts a bit of a representatives month to month compensation to dispatch to the IRS. Then again, we ought to be concern is elevated level of populace maturing, work power will in general decay. That make government need high assessment rate to take care of the issue of developing more established populaces. The taxation rate may dishearten future workforce cooperation. In general survey Importance of subjects Populace maturing is a worldwide issue that can influence numerous pieces of our general public as in it takes parts in the progressions and change in the economy, work power, clinical framework, private issues, proceeded with improvement and so forth. It is significant and important for us, the individuals, to understand the impacts it might bring. Despite the fact that populace maturing is a worldwide pattern, there are just a couple of governments had taken activities to get ready for the long haul and tackle the potential difficulties that may before long occur in their social orders. Unmistakably, more research and approaches are required with respect to this issue. Raising worldwide mindfulness with respect to the populace maturing issue is noteworthy. Utilization of information In this report, numerous measurements are utilized to delineate the patterns. Be that as it may, as a report discussing the worldwide circumstance, we expect the information ought to give us the entire image of the world. Since the information are not gathered for supporting this report, a few information are not general enough to clarify the worldwide circumstance. State for instance, while showing the increments in future in each age, information of white female endurance in the US between 1901 2003 is utilized. However, the circumstance in the US, a created nation, may contrast from other creating nations. Race and sexual distinction may likewise prompt diverse result. Inside and out audit Populace maturing is driven by decreases in fruitfulness and improvement in wellbeing and longevity.â [1]â This announcement is incompletely right. The facts demonstrate that populace maturing emerges from expanded life span and diminished richness. An expansion in life span rises the normal age of the populace by expanding the quantities of enduring more seasoned individuals and a decrease in fruitfulness diminishes

Motivation in organizations. Dan Pink Assignment

Inspiration in associations. Dan Pink - Assignment Example In this discourse, Dan Pink analyzes the money related and inborn impetuses in associations. His down to earth examinations qualify inborn impetuses as perfect techniques for encouraging execution in the workforce. He makes an understood preclusion of overstated financial motivating forces for a raised presentation in the association. Customary strategies for inspiration in associations have endure artifact to the current day. Present day associations utilize antique strategies for persuading their workforce. These strategies don't generally deliver the expected effect. For this situation, the associations have endured useful fixedness by blocking innovativeness that is essential in finding new procedures of inspiration. Money related prizes were customary strategies of persuading the workforce in an association. Thusly, the administration of different associations would channel rewards and commissions towards the workforce. The administration would likewise set up disciplines as remedial measures in the workforce. As indicated by these strategies, workforce execution should hoist in their execution. In any case, a huge oddity exists in this strategy for inspiration. An exceptionally compensated workforce would in any case perform inauspiciously in their jobs. Dan Pick conveys this reality through expounding the m otivating force analyze performed by a researcher named Sam Glanzman. Two gatherings were doled out an equivalent undertaking. The gathering that was allocated the financial impetus completed later than the one with inborn motivating force. Associations have a significant distinction with the ramifications of science. Along these lines, greater part of the association don't make a difference science for sensible suggestions. This reality represents the drawn out utilization of fiscal motivating forces in the workforce. Money related motivating forces in associations even compound the exhibition. They square imagination and the energy that exists inside the whole workforce. Money related motivators are conventional strategies for inspiration, which should be shed off for another stage in science application. The money related motivating forces just work in scarcely any conditions. Explicit errands that don't require innovativeness are the ones that should utilize financial motivating forces. They are not material to the general execution of the workforce. This is a central disclosure in the field of Social Science. Financial motivating forces thin the extent of view in the workforce. Unquestionably, this denies inventiveness in a raised way. Authoritative difficulties don't take a distinct and unsurprising course. The course of the issues changes with time. Hierarchical and individual issues require perfect arrangements. The arrangements should acquire another stage the improvement of the association. Most authoritative issues don't have clear arrangements. The arrangements and cures are not evident for the workforce to find and execute. For this situation, financial impetuses would just deny the exhibition of the workforce. Present day times of the twenty first century require natural strategies for inspiration. These strategies involve the unshakable want to execute jobs, since they matter. For this situation, inspiration should create from inside a person to achieve assignments without management. Dominance, independence and design are the managing mainstays of the natural inspiration. I altogether concur with Dan Pick in this persuasive strategy. Inherent inspiration strategies bring solid confirmation of exceptional execution inside the association. The techniques are increasingly logical and are ideal

The Upside to 2016 College Essay Topics

The Upside to 2016 College Essay Topics The Ultimate College Essay Topics Trick So without further ado, here are a few effective writing tips to create your common app essay stick out! There are several intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. You are able to observe a list of 25 topics you can pick from the one which best fits your assignment. What's most curious concerning the college essay is that a lot of the topics on this list (those which should be avoided) also happen to be some of the most frequently used topics out there. Throwing in different accomplishments which don't really relate to the subject of your essay is very likely to detract from your general essay, and admissions committees will see through it. Topics like death and divorce are cautionary since they can be exceedingly tough to write about. Others like their lives to stay the exact same, and they don't change their typical habits. 2016 College Essay Topics at a Glance Face-to-face communication is much better than other forms of communication, including letters, E-mail, or telephone calls. Andrea Nadler, a college admissions counselor from Hofstra University, says that there could be colleges who frown on it since you can't ever know who's reading it, and this may be a subjective procedure. Our 24-hour College Essay Review service is fast and user friendly. It is a daunting endeavor. Naturally, you must get started writing. College application essay topics are a crucial portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. The essay is easily among the most troublesome regions of the college application practice. Writing the college application essay is a challenging gig. These questions should inform your complete college application procedure. One very lousy topic it's possible to write about is the death of someone. From among the persuasive speech topics listed here, pick the one which you are most well-informed about or make sure you've got the time required to research and prepare an all-inclusive speech that covers every facet of the topic. Who knowsthe solution to that question may be the foundation for your admission essay. Amongst the best methods to improved appreciate each type of essay might be to evaluation suggestions. You'll be making a grave mistake if you place unduly concentrate on the `past' you. These three types of misleading advertisements may be seen in our everyday life, and most folks will believe their effectiveness. In college, you will have plenty of chances to express your political and religious opinions. Since you can see, several of the topics listed are new and handle the recent issues happening in the World today. Your list will just supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. Simply take a look here, the very best research papers writing site is going to do your assignment from scratch punctually. College isn't a higher degree of education for nothing. It is an intellectual place so try to convince the board that you are the right person for them. Colleges are not searching for perfect folks. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list.

Child Psychology Developmental Scientist Paper Ximena Franco

Child Psychology developmental scientist paper-Ximena Franco Some challenges that arise in child psychology are an acceptance of an authoritative position, racial stereotypes, and listener’s ignorance. In the field, psychologists’ morals are challenged constantly because of the tests they may have to perform. For example, subjugating children to high levels of stress and anxiety during tests that push the child’s comfort level and skills is something that could cause guilt in the psychologist. Specifically, in Dr. Franco’s case, being a minority could affect her authority in the field. Dr. Franco also has to work with younger children in low economic households and with minorities. Possible complications could involve language†¦show more content†¦Dr. Franco’s mission is similar to the Latino Educational Achievement Partnership’s mission to enhance children’s literacy with the correct support (FPGCDI, 2017). She Served as Co-P i in a study funded by the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development focusing on Nuestros Nià ±os Program: Promoting School Readiness for English Language Learners (FPGCDI, 2017). Dr. Franco is now working on research directed towards helping childhood teacher working with dual language learners (FPGCDI, 2017). It’s important to understand that different cultures play a role in child development as well as socio-economic status. This is important because there were limited studies that involved minorities and low-income families. Her research on dual language learners could help understand cognitive understanding in children whose native language is not English (Gillanders et al., 2017). Dr Franco has helped Spanish-speaking children in the school of Mi Escuelita who want to keep their native language and traditions. She also contributes knowledge through free online programs for those who would otherwise not be able to pay for it on their own. Research done by Piaget involves the theory of cognitive development in children (Packer, 2017). Piaget used his own child to develop what is considered the most comprehensive methods for understanding the phases of child development. Dr. Franco uses Piaget’s research to build upon her own research. All

The Movie Girl Interrupted - 992 Words

The main character in the film â€Å"Girl Interrupted†, Susanna Kaysen, is an eighteen-year-old female. She admitted herself into a psychiatric hospital after attempting suicide by overdosing on Aspirin and Vodka, where she was diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Susanna repeatedly denies trying to commit suicide, and claims she took aspirin because she â€Å"had a headache†. She appeared to be well groomed, her speech was articulated, and her thought process clear. Susanna is not currently employed, nor is she a student, and appears to have no motivation or ambition (Wick, Konrad, Ryder Mangold, 1999). There are not many prognostics indicators prior to Susanna s mental episode. Developing BPD is five times more likely when a nuclear family member also has the disorder. However it is known that neither of Susanna s parents have BPD, or any mental disorders. Therefore, the genetic risk that is the main prognostic feature of BPD is missing. A second prognost ic feature is childhood abuse or trauma, and neglectful parenting style. Susanna did not appear to have a childhood trauma or abuse, and her parents seem rather involved in her life. In fact, it was her father that initially requested her to seek mental help. Other contributing factors could be stress and social-economical status. Susanna comes from an upper middle class, white family in America, and is an only child. Apart from her affair, there has been no evidence of a stressful event in her life, as she is notShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Girl, Interrupted Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Disorders Girl, Interrupted The movie â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† is based on a memoir written by Susanna Kaysen, who is also the main person depicted in the movie. The movie takes place in a mental institution during the 1960’s. There are several disorders portrayed in the movie. Since the time period is about 50 years ago, some of the disorders were treated much differently than we would treat them today. Susanna was taken to a psychiatrist after taking a bottle of aspirin with aRead MoreThe Movie Girl, Interrupted1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie Girl, Interrupted focuses on the character Susanna Kaysen along with other girls who have an array of mental disorders. These women all reside at the Claymoore Mental Health Facility. For instance, Daisy was sexually abused by her father and has serious eating issues, also known as a compulsive eating disorder. Daisy binges on rotisserie chicken from her father’s shop, in the privacy of here room. She feels uncomfortable eating in front of others. Lisa, who seems to be the leader of theRead MoreThe Movie Girl Interrupted 3398 Words   |  14 PagesThis paper will be based on a character in the movie† Girl, Interrupted† who was suffering from one of the PD’s in cluster B, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and with this disorder; and with is disorder, they are often dramatic, emotional and very erratic. Ac cording to DSM-5, the prevalence for the general population for BPD is 5.9%, it is more diagnosed in women about 75% than men, it was associated with considerable mental and physical disability especially among the female populations andRead MoreMovie Review: Girl, Interrupted835 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie Girl, Interrupted is based on the book Girl, Interrupted, by Susanna Kaysen. I would like to say that it is loosely based because although the actress, Winona Ryder, does portray Kaysen’s borderline personality, it seems that Angelina Jolie, who is Lisa Rowe in the movie, steals the spotlight. Girl, Interrupted is about a young girl who is put into the mental ward after an attempted suicide which she claims she was basically trying to leave a lot of stress she had from various experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Girl Interrupted 1252 Words   |  6 PagesGirl, Interrupted is a captivating and striking film about the struggle of coming to terms with mental health and overcoming personal obstacles to allow treatment and support. While the main character Susanna Kaysen stays in the Claymoore psychiatric hospital, she is introduced to a whole new world, one where she is forced to confront the fact that she has a mental illness and needs professional help. The film begins with Susanna and the other girls from the hospital sitting in somber silenceRead MoreMovie Review : Girl Interrupted1957 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction-What is the disorder The movie I have chosen to do my psychological film disorder assignment on is Girl Interrupted which is a psychological drama directed by James Mangold. The movie takes place in a mental institution for troubled women. All of the characters in this movie suffer from one or more mental illnesses such as depression, borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia. The movie gives us an inside look on how poorly these women are being treated and how they are treatedRead MoreThe Movie Girl, Interrupted By Susanna Kaysen981 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† by Susanna Kaysen, offers an individual perspective on what it is like to live in a mental institution. As a troubled teenager, Susanna was diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, in which she disagreed with. Susanna parents and a family friend recommended her to admit herself into a mental hospital named Claymoore because she had overdosed on aspirin and vodka. Within, the 18 months that Susa nna stayed in the mental hospital she came across many individualsRead MoreEssay about girl interrupted review753 Words   |  4 Pages One popular cultural myth about the mentally ill is the archetype of the quot;Sexy Crazy Girlquot;, which weve seen in movies, comic books, and music. Losing your grip with reality is not a glamorous subject, but thats not what you get from Girl, Interrupted. It is apparent that all the girls in the movie had some type of dysfunctional personality, and bad things happen to some of them, but it just did not seem realistic. First off, most of the patients prtrayed were young, which made the careRead MoreEssay on Girl Interrupted Review785 Words   |  4 PagesOne popular cultural myth about the mentally ill is the archetype of the Sexy Crazy Girl, which weve seen in movies, comic books, and music. Losing your grip with reality is not a glamorous subject, but thats not what you get from Girl, Interrupted. It is apparent that all the girls in the mov ie had some type of dysfunctional personality, and bad things happen to some of them, but it just did not seem realistic. First off, most of the patients prtrayed were young, which made the care facilityRead MoreGirl Interrupted Film Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: AN ANALYSIS OF GIRL, INTERRUPTED. 1 An Analysis of Girl, Interrupted Irvelt Nicolas And Alyssa Reilly College of Staten Island

Cover Page Format free essay sample

Bangalore Aditya Kumar Jha 10RNSB5030 THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF SCIENCE (Affiliated to Bangalore University) BANGALORE – 560102 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE amp; APPLICATIONS CERTIFICATE The forgoing software entitled â€Å"Car Showroom Management System† is presented in manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance prerequisite to the award of Bachelor of Computer Applications degree, for which it has been submitted. It is understood by this approval that the undersigned do not  endorse or approve any statements made, opinion expressed or conclusion shown therein but approve the software for the purpose it has been submitted. Signature of faculty in charge Signature of Head of the Department Mrs. Vinita Tapaskar, MCA Dr. J Sebastian Nixon PHD, MCSE Name of ExaminerSignature of Examiner 1. 2: Acknowledgment We are extremely grateful and remain indebted to Mrs. Vinita Tapaskar (Project Coordinator) for being a source of inspiration and for her constant support in the Des ign, Implementation and Evaluation of the project. We are thankful to her for her constant constructive criticism and invaluable suggestions, which benefited us a lot while developing the project on â€Å"CAR SHOWROOM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM†. We will write a custom essay sample on Cover Page Format or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She has been a constant source of inspiration and motivation for hard work. She has been very cooperative throughout this project work. Through this column, it would be our utmost pleasure to express our warm thanks to her for her encouragement, cooperation and consent without which we might not be able to accomplish this project. She has given us constructive suggestions and encouragements in developing the â€Å"Car Showroom Management System†. Thanks are also due to Dr. Prof. Elsamma Thomas Varicatt, Principal, The Oxford College of Science, our H. O. D Mr. J. S Nixon and all my teachers for their valuable guidance and their tireless effort in supporting us throughout the course of our study here in the institute. Without their kind support and inspiration, this project would not have resulted the way it is now. We also express sincere thanks to our friends and classmates who were always there for us to help in every possible way. Above all we would like to thank The Almighty God for all the blessings that he had bestowed upon us for giving us the courage and wisdom to face challenges. Thanking you, Aditya Kumar Jha Reg. No: 10RNSB5030 The Oxford College of Science (Affiliated to Bangalore University) Bangalore – 560102 Preface This project â€Å"Car Showroom Management System † gives us the complete information about the Car Showroom. We can enter the record of new cars and retrieve the details of cars available in the showroom. This project is a software application that aims to automate and minimize the traditional way of record keeping, tabulating in particular to Car Showroom’s and hence named as â€Å"CAR SHOWROOM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM†. Well this project incorporates the idea of automation and tries to reduce the man power involved in a showroom. With the help of this software one can easily retrieve all the information regarding a particular car or a particular member that has been registered in the system. It is also possible to retrieve the records of cars that are available or not. The software also enables a user to monitor and access information with just a click of a mouse. Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting information and comments in an easy and intelligible manner. The project is very useful for those who want to know about Car Showroom Management System.

Ralph Polo Lauren Case Essay Example

Ralph Polo Lauren Case Paper - Polo Ralph Lauren Case - 1. Polo Ralph Lauren is an American apparel company that was founded in the 1970’s. When it was founded it had three branches in the apparel business: design and development, manufacturer management, and inventory/stock handling. Because they did not want to own factories, they outsourced the garment manufacturing to Luen Thai, an apparel manufacturing company in China. Luen Thai got their fabric supply from the textile firm Ruentex in Taiwan. Not only was Luen Thai responsible for garment manufacturing, they were also in charge of product quality, making sure the deliveries were on time to Polo, and managing Advanced Shipment Notices, which ensured that information about the products (such as SKU numbers, carton and pallet numbers, and quantity) was sent to Polo ahead of the product shipment. A third party logistics operator was used to deliver the products to Polo’s warehouses in the United States where the inventory was then organized for distribution. Polo’s warehouses then delivered the goods to the different retail outlets. Originally, Polo’s supply chain was set up to take advantage of the participating companies’ competencies. Because Ruentex and Luen Thai are located in areas of the world that have less expensive labor, the textile and apparel manufacturing were done there. Polo Ralph Lauren did the designing because it is a more complex process and involves a lot of technical specifications. Polo Ralph Lauren is also located in the United States which is the country that buys the final product, so the designers there knew better what kinds of designs would sell. This kind of supply chain worked well for Polo Ralph Lauren in the past. There were lags in information sharing which caused inventory buildups, stock outs, and less efficient logistics, but overall Ralph Lauren was able to be competitive. - In 2005, however textile quotas were going to be lifted, which would change the whole competitive environment of the apparel industry. Polo Ralph We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Polo Lauren Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lauren needed to look at their supply chain structure to see how they could make it more efficient and therefore more competitive. - 2. Using the Exhibit 1 as an example, we can see a model for the Polo’s supply chain. Each step in the supply chain operation as a whole can be understood as a unit in a big international organism. With that in mind, the bottleneck concept can be applied and we can understand that each of those steps, if improved, will not affect the whole organism unless it is a bottleneck. If you improve the bottleneck your process will be improved, otherwise no sensible change will be observed. The big challenge managing supply chain, in this case, will be identifying which step is really the bottleneck in your chain. Polo must know well its process to define where is the real bottleneck among the material provider (Ruentex), the manufacturing activity (Luen Thai), the 3PL operator, or the warehouses (Polo). - 3. Sharing information will be the most important tool in the process of improving Polos’ supply chain. A better management can be achieved through a real time information system, which will help to identify more easily where the bottlenecks are. On the same side, all â€Å"work-in-process† generated for the system and the entire inventory can be managed more precisely as well. On the other side, sharing information can be dangerous when expose its business competitive advantages and strategies. In this scenario, the middle of the chain to the end looks to be the ones that will benefit the most from information sharing in face of the new strategies adopted to create efficiencies. Having opted for being ahead on fashion trends, this differentiation associated with the need of minimum stock and time management, makes real-time information a crucial asset to Polo. So, the end of the supply chain will be the most affected if a non-controlled system starts to generate undesirable levels of inventory. - 4. The Ruentex supplies good quality raw materials to Luen Thai, which produces the final goods according to the design elaborated for Polo. A 3PL operator will deliver the goods to Polo’s warehouses and then the products are delivered for the different retail outlets. The main change that could be highlighted in this process is the transfer of design activity to Luen Thai. Once transit of information is a major factor of reducing efficiency in that supply chain, reducing the need of intensive communication during the design process could be a plus. But it has a cost. To design is not an area of expertise for Luen Thai, so some risk is attached to the learning curve associated to that transfer of activity/know-how from Polo to them.

Critical Thinking In Hotel Industry Example

Critical Thinking In Hotel Industry Example Critical Thinking In Hotel Industry – Term Paper Example Critical thinking in the hotel industry Critical thinking facilitates informed decision-making. The concept has broad meanings yet it is also context specific. In simple terms, critical thinking encompasses the portions of valuable skills that guide organizational functioning. Thus far, it is a crucial component of a successful management system and human life. Critical thinking refers to the reflective, reasonable, and skillful focus on daily activities. It entails the analytical thinking that people apply to solve life puzzles, make better decisions and to possess accurate beliefs. For instance, individual critical thinking skills include finding definite answers to key questions such as â€Å"why it important?†, â€Å"what is a new example of it?†, â€Å"what are the strengths and weakness of it?†, Moreover, â€Å"what is the solution to the problem of it?† Therefore, a critical thinker responds to the mentioned questions with clarity, precision, and ac curacy. Critical thinkers also deal with similar questions with depth, breadth, relevance, utmost logic, significance, and fairness. As a critical thinker, an individual should have personal objectives and have an open mind approach to situations. The skills enhance interpersonal respect, fair judgment, and detailed analysis of arguments. Normally, good thinkers persuade others to do the right thing. The concept is essential to the management of the hospitality business. Therefore, to ensure greater profitability and success the hotel manager or owner should possess attributes of a perfect critical thinker. Awareness of market trends, season and customer needs are crucial to maximizing earnings from room occupancy (Hill 1). A critical thinking manager applies the revenue per available room (RevPAR) to maximize profits, unlike other managers who view the concepts differently. Besides, a successful manager uses his or her critical thinking skills to analyze and adopt relevant marketin g techniques to progress the business for example through the social media. Success of hotels also relies on talent to evaluate employee needs and formulation of appropriate motivation styles. Finally, the skills enable managers to ensure coordination of all hotel departments since the success and customer satisfaction is a collective duty (Hill 1). Critical thinking is an enormous tool for business success. All business owners and managers should embrace the approach.Work CitedHill, Brian. "Critical Thinking in the Hospitality Industry." n.d. azcentral. 21 February 2015 .

Three Case Studies on Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three Case Studies on Terrorism - Essay Example Basically, their objective during that time is to destabilize Italy through vehemence. Because the said group (red brigades) was adhering on the political beliefs of Marx and Lenin, they strongly rely on the fact that they could change the government system as well as structure through revolution, thus, it inevitably result to chaos and riots. During their early year of existence, they already damaged factory equipment and in their third year, they had done lots of felonious acts like robberies and kidnappings. In 1974, the terrorist group had already done high profiles of crimes like kidnapping and bank robberies which is sort out to be their source of living. This are the ways which they find means in acquiring their money for survival, though allegedly, they rarely kill person unless politically motivated, then, they just used other person as an instrument to gain money. One of their declared goal is to assault the heart of the state which is the State Imperalista delle Mutinazion ali (SIMS) because their perceived their state as an imperial assemblage of multinational corporations. Because of this advocacy, they showed their protest though violent acts that could threaten the state’s security during the next years like the kidnapping of the NATO deputy chief of staff at Southern European land force, James Dozier and the assassination of Marco Biagi, an economic adviser. According to Martin (2003), the Red Brigade an approximate 14,000 number of violent acts with a total of 75 murders because of political reasons. Looking at the facts gathered, one of the reasons primarily why this group was established is because of an ideological influence of Marx and Lenin. As we have notice what was mentioned above, one of the founders belong to the department of sociology wherein political theories concerning state and society was prominent. This could be a factor that shaped the mind of Curcio and the other students to form groups that could change their society and it can be achieved faster through revolutions and violent actions. Thus, as Crenshaw (1981) state â€Å"individual psychopathological is often blamed to be the malefactor† (380). This could be a big and strong factor that could contribute to a social change through organization that can also attract other people. The mind-set of the leaders was already shaped by the circumstances and external influence that they perceived to be right and that would be the Marx and Lenin perspectives. For me, I do not personally disagree with someone who wants to adhere to certain ideas and perspectives, what may be somehow erroneous for this group is the exaggeration in the interpretation of violence. Though they rarely kill person, still, the other means employed to obtain their objective could not be also right. Like for instance, cases on drug trafficking, how could this group relate drugs on changing the political system that Italy had and also, to eradicate the Imperial Corporation t hat is believed to be the main component of their societal and political structure? Also, their high profile of crimes seems to be ambivalent with their main goals. As Crenshaw also identifies in his book ‘The Causes of Terrorism’ the phrase: â€Å"If we focus on terrorism directed against governments for purposes of political change, we are considering the premeditated use or threat of symbolic, low-level

Combating Sex-trafficking in the United States Term Paper

Combating Sex-trafficking in the United States - Term Paper Example In today's modern, civilized society, a world where human rights are given such considerable emphasis and so many laws, acts and bills have been passed to protect those rights, it seems that slavery would be a forgotten and lost concept. Sadly however this is not true. Slavery in every sense of its meaning is still alive, whether it be in the form of exploiting humans for forced labor, or more prevalently, as members of a world wide illegal sex trade and trafficking industry. Statistics from the International Labor Office show that there are 12.3 million victims of forced labor and commercial sex trafficking trade throughout the world at any given time. Shocking as those figures are, what is more shocking is that many of these human sex slaves are employed in fully legal trade rings, such as legalized prostitution or pornography. This happens not in one country or two, but in countries all over the world, the United States included. Are the laws that legalize prostitution and pornogr aphy contributing towards the promotion and encouragement of sex trafficking and commercialized sex trade? Furthermore, if there are laws that encourage these industries, where do these victims find their sanctuary? These are the questions this paper aims to investigate and to argue that the only way sex trafficking victims can be kept away from the industry, even if the industry itself is not shut down, is through effective communication between the ICE, the local police and social workers. Human trafficking is a practice prevalent all across the world. There might be differences in the way the humans are marketed or transported but ultimately it all follows the same process. The victim is lured into the trader's ring under false pretenses or promises of a bright future in another country, through lawful, legal employment. Once the victim agrees and the process of transporting them begins, their legal documents are taken from them and they start to be blackmailed, with threats of d eportation, arrest, violence or safety. Helpless, the victims have to follow the orders of their captors which often translate to joining either the forced labor trade or the sex trade. The female and children victims of human-trafficking mostly end up in brothels, some of which are legal, which clearly indicates that legalized prostitution and sex-trafficking are linked (Kara, 2008). Why is then that nothing is being done to separate those who are voluntarily in the industry and those who are forced into it? The prime reason for that is probably a lack of understanding and communication. Authorities feel that most sex workers that work in legal brothels or pornography have a way to earn a living without having the necessary qualifications to work in other jobs. Another reason this illegal trade employs these victims is that it is one of the most profitable criminal activities, generating an estimated $9.5 billion each year. Because they want the industry to expand, they hire these victims illegally, making it the third most profitable destination for them, with first and second being drugs and weapons trafficking respectively but according to observers, within ten years, human trafficking will surpass drugs and weapons trafficking to become the most profitable criminal activity in the world. As said in Kara's book, '†¦the most effective measures to eradicate the global sex trafficking industry are those that reduce the aggregate demand for sex slaves and consumers through an attack on the industry's immense profitability.' Trafficking even occurs within the

Passage to India Part One Essay Example for Free

Passage to India Part One Essay Summary: Chapter IV Mr. Turton invites several Indian gentlemen to the proposed Bridge Party at the club. The Indians are surprised by the invitation. Mahmoud Ali suspects that the lieutenant general has ordered Turton to hold the party. The Nawab Bahadur, one of the most important Indian landowners in the area, announces that he appreciates the invitation and will attend. Some accuse the Nawab Bahadur of cheapening himself, but most Indians highly respect him and decide to attend also. The narrator describes the room in which the Indian gentlemen meet. Outside remain the lowlier Indians who received no invitation. The narrator describes Mr. Grayford and Mr. Sorley, missionaries on the outskirts of the city. Mr. Sorley feels that all men go to heaven, but not lowly wasps, bacteria, or mud, because something must be excluded to leave enough for those who are included. Mr. Sorley’s Hindu friends disagree, however, as they feel that God includes every living thing. Summary: Chapter V At the Bridge Party, the Indian guests stand idly at one side of the tennis lawn while the English stand at the other. The clear segregation dismays Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore. Ronny and Mrs.  Turton disdainfully discuss the Indians’ clothing, which mixes Eastern and Western styles. Several Englishwomen arrive and discuss the earlier production of Cousin Kate. Mrs. Moore is surprised to note how intolerant and conventional Ronny’s opinions have become. Mr. Turton arrives, cynically noting to himself that each guest has come for a self-serving reason. Reluctantly, Mrs. Turton takes Adela and Mrs. Moore to visit a group of Indian ladies. Mrs. Turton addresses the Indian women in crude Urdu, and then asks Mrs. Moore and Adela if they are satisfied. One of the Indian women speaks, and Mrs.  Turton is surprised to learn that the women know English. Mrs. Moore and Adela unsuccessfully try to draw the Indian women out into more substantial conversation. Mrs. Moore asks one of them, Mrs. Bhattacharya, if she and Adela can visit her at home. Mrs. Bhattacharya agrees to host the Englishwomen the upcoming Thursday, and her husband promises to send his carriage for them. Mr. Fielding, who is also at the party, socializes freely with the Indians and even eats on the Indian side of the lawn. He is pleased to learn that Adela and Mrs. Moore have been friendly to the Indians. Fielding locates Adela and invites her nd Mrs. Moore to tea. Adela complains about how rude the English are acting toward their guests, but Fielding suspects her complaints are intellectual, not emotional. Adela mentions Dr. Aziz, and Fielding promises to invite the doctor to tea as well. That evening, Adela and Ronny dine with the McBrydes and Miss Derek. The dinner consists of standard English fare. During the meal, Adela begins to dread the prospect of a drab married life among the insensitive English. She fears she will never get to know the true spirit of India. After Adela goes to bed, Ronny asks his mother about Adela. Mrs.  Moore explains that Adela feels that the English are unpleasant to the Indians. Ronny is dismissive, explaining that the English are in India to keep the peace, not to be pleasant. Mrs. Moore disagrees, saying it is the duty of the English to be pleasant to Indians, as God demands love for all men. Mrs. Moore instantly regrets mentioning God; ever since she has arrived in India, her God has seemed less powerful than ever before. Summary: Chapter VI The morning after Aziz’s encounter with Mrs. Moore, Major Callendar scolds the doctor for failing to report promptly to his summons, and he does not ask for Aziz’s side of the story. Aziz and a colleague, Dr. Panna Lal, decide to attend the Bridge Party together. However, the party falls on the anniversary of Aziz’s wife’s death, so he decides not to attend. Aziz mourns his loving wife for part of the day and then borrows Hamidullah’s pony to practice polo on the town green. An English soldier is also practicing polo, and he and Aziz play together briefly as comrades. Dr. Lal, returning from the Bridge Party, runs into Aziz. Lal reports that Aziz’s absence was noticed, and he insists on knowing why Aziz did not attend. Aziz, considering Lal ill mannered to ask such a question, reacts defiantly. By the time Aziz reaches home, though, he has begun to worry that the English will punish him for not attending. His mood improves when he opens Fielding’s invitation to tea. Aziz is pleased that Fielding has politely ignored the fact that Aziz forgot to respond to an invitation to tea at Fielding’s last month. Analysis: Chapters IV–VI The wildly unsuccessful Bridge Party stands as the clear focus of this portion of the novel. Though the event is meant to be a time of orchestrated interaction, a â€Å"bridge† between the two cultures, the only result is heightened suspicion on both sides. Indians such as Mahmoud Ali suspect that Turton is throwing the party not in good faith, but on orders from a superior. Turton himself suspects that the Indians attend only for self-serving reasons. The party remains segregated, with the English hosts regarding their guests as one large group that can be split down only into Indian â€Å"types,† not into individuals. Though the Bridge Party clearly furthers our idea that the English as a whole act condescendingly toward the Indians, Forster also uses the party to examine the minute differences among English attitudes. Mrs.  Turton, for instance, represents the attitude of most Englishwomen in India: she is flatly bigoted and rude, regarding herself as superior to all Indians in seemingly every respect. The Englishmen at the party, however, appear less malicious in their attitudes. Mr. Turton and Ronny Heaslop are representative of this type: through their work they have come to know some Indians as individuals, and though somewhat condescending, they are far less overtly malicious than the Englishwomen. Cyril Fielding, who made a brief appearance in Chapter III, appears here to be the model of successful interaction between the English and Indians. Unlike the other English, Fielding does not recognize racial distinctions between himself and the native population. Instead, he interacts with Indians on an individual-to-individual basis. Moreover, he senses that he has found like-minded souls in Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore. Of the two, Fielding is more closely akin to Mrs. Moore than Adela: Fielding and Mrs. Moore are unself-conscious in their friendship with Indians, whereas Adela consciously and actively seeks out this cross-cultural friendship as an interesting and enriching experience. Forster fleshes out the character of Adela Quested significantly in these chapters. As part of this effort, the author uses Fielding as a sort of moral barometer, a character whose judgments we can trust. In this regard, we can see Fielding’s judgment of Adela—that she appears to object to the English treatment of the Indians on an intellectual, rather than emotional level—as Forster’s own judgment. Adela, perhaps because of this intellectual, unemotional curiosity about Indian culture, conducts her interactions in India in a negative sense rather than a positive one—attempting to not act like the other English rather than attempting to actively identify with Indians. Adela always acts s an individual, rejecting the herd mentality of the other couples at the English club. While the other English try to re-create England in India through meals of sardines and plays like Cousin Kate, Adela hopes to experience the â€Å"real India,† the â€Å"spirit† of India. Yet we sense that Adela’s idea of this â€Å"real India† is vague and somewhat romanticized, especially when compared to Mrs. Moore’s genuine interaction with Aziz or Fielding’s enthusiastic willingness to partake in Indian culture. The primary Indian protagonist, Aziz, develops in these chapters as significantly distinct from English expectations of Indian character. While the English pride themselves on dividing the Indian character into â€Å"types† with identifiable characteristics, Aziz appears to be a man of indefinable flux. Forster distinguishes Aziz’s various guises—outcast, poet, medical student, religious worshiper—and his ability to slip easily among them without warning. Aziz’s whims fluctuate in a way similar to his overall character. In Chapter VI we see Aziz shift from mood to mood in the space of minutes: first he wants to attend the Bridge Party, then he is disgusted with the party, then he despairingly mourns his dead wife, then he seeks companionship and exercise. Ironically, one of Aziz’s only constant qualities is a characteristically English quality: an insistence upon good breeding and polite manners. This quality makes Aziz slightly prejudiced—it leads him to reject his friendship with Dr. Lal—yet it also allows him to disregard racial boundaries, as when he feels automatically affectionate toward Fielding because of the Englishman’s politeness. Furthermore, Forster uses these chapters to begin to develop one of the major ideas he explores in A Passage to India—the inclusiveness of the Hindu religion, especially as compared to Christianity. Forster portrays Hinduism as a religion that encompasses all, that sees God in everything, even the smallest bacterium. He specifically aligns Mrs. Moore with Hinduism in the earlier scene from Chapter III in which she treats a small wasp kindly. The image of the wasp reappears in Chapter IV as the wasp that the Hindus assume will be part of heaven—a point on which the Christian missionaries Mr. Grayford and Mr. Sorley disagree. Mrs. Moore is a Christian, but in Chapter VI we see that she has begun to call her Christianity into question during her stay in India. Whereas God earlier was the greatest thought in Mrs.  Moore’s head, now the woman appears to sense something beyond that thought, perhaps the more inclusive and all-encompassing worldview of Hinduism. Summary: Chapter VII In every remark [Aziz] found a meaning, but not always the true meaning, and his life though vivid was largely a dream. (See 0pl,) Fielding’s many worldly experiences keep him from being insensitive toward Indians like the rest of the English are. The English mildly distrust Fielding, partly out of suspicion of his efforts to educate Indians as individuals. Fielding also makes offhand comments that distress the English, such as his remark that â€Å"whites† are actually â€Å"pinko-grey. Still, Fielding manages to remain friendly with the men at the English club while also socializing with Indians. Aziz arrives at Fielding’s for tea as Fielding is dressing. Though the two men have never met, they treat each other informally, which delights Aziz. Fielding breaks the collar stud for his shirt, but Aziz quickly removes his own and gives it to Fielding. The relations between the two men sour only briefly when Aziz misinterprets Fielding’s dismissive comment about a new school of painting to be dismissive of Aziz himself. Aziz is disappointed when Mrs.  Moore and Adela arrive, as their presence upsets the intimacy of his conversation with Fielding. The party continues to be informal, though, even with the women present. Aziz feels comfortable addressing the women as he would address men, as Mrs. Moore is so elderly and Adela so plain looking. The ladies are disappointed and confused because the Bhattacharyas never sent their carriage this morning as promised. Adela pronounces it a â€Å"mystery,† but Mrs. Moore disagrees—mysteries she likes, but this is a â€Å"muddle. † Fielding pronounces all India a muddle. Aziz denounces the rudeness of the Hindu Bhattacharyas and invites the women to his own house. To Aziz’s horror, Adela takes his invitation literally and asks for his address. Aziz is ashamed of his shabby residence and distracts Adela with commentary on Indian architecture. Fielding knows that Aziz has some historical facts wrong, but Fielding does not correct Aziz as other Englishmen would have. At the moment Fielding recognizes â€Å"truth of mood† over truth of fact. The last of Fielding’s guests, the Hindu professor Godbole, arrives. Aziz asks Adela if she plans to settle in India, to which Adela spontaneously responds that she cannot. Adela then realizes that, in making this admission, she has essentially told strangers that she will not marry Ronny before she has even told Ronny so herself. Adela’s words fluster Mrs. Moore. Fielding then takes Mrs. Moore on a tour of the college grounds. Adela again mentions the prospect of visiting Aziz’s house, but Aziz invites her to the Marabar Caves instead. Aziz attempts to describe the caves, but it becomes clear that Aziz has never seen them. Godbole has been to the caves, but he does not adequately describe why they are extraordinary; in fact, Aziz senses that Godbole is holding back information. Suddenly, Ronny arrives to take Adela and his mother to a polo match at the club. Ronny ignores the Indians. Aziz becomes excitable and overly intimate in reaction to Ronny’s rude interruption. Fielding reappears, and Ronny privately scolds him for leaving Adela alone with Indians. Before the ladies leave, Godbole sings an odd-sounding Hindu song in which the singer asks God to come to her, but God refuses. In her ignorance, [Adela] regarded [Aziz] as â€Å"India,† and never surmised that his outlook was limited and his method inaccurate, and that no one is India. (See Important Quotations Explained) Summary: Chapter VIII Driving away from Fielding’s, Adela expresses annoyance at Ronny’s rudeness. Adela mentions Aziz’s invitation to the Marabar Caves, but Ronny immediately forbids the women to go. Ronny mentions Aziz’s unpinned collar as an example of Indians’ general inattention to detail. Mrs. Moore, tired of bickering, asks to be dropped off at home. Adela feels suddenly ashamed of telling those at the tea party of her intention to leave India. After the polo match at the club, Adela quietly tells Ronny that she has decided not to marry him. Ronny is disappointed, but he agrees to remain friends with her. Adela sees a green bird and asks Ronny what type of bird it is. Ronny does not know, which confirms Adela’s feeling that nothing in India is identifiable. Ronny and Adela begin to feel lonely and useless in their surroundings; they suddenly feel they share more similarities than differences. The Nawab Bahadur happens by and offers Ronny and Adela a ride in his automobile. Riding in the back seat, the two feel dwarfed by the dark night and expansive landscape surrounding them. Their hands accidentally touch, and they feel an animalistic thrill. The car mysteriously breaks down on a road outside the city. They all climb out and determine that the car must have hit something, probably a hyena. After a short while, Miss Derek drives past them offers them a ride back to Chandrapore. Driving back to Chandrapore, Miss Derek jokes about her employer, an Indian noblewoman. Ronny and Adela feel drawn together by their shared distaste for Miss Derek’s crass manner and for the Nawab’s polite but long-winded speeches. When Adela and Ronny arrive back at the bungalow, Adela says that she would like to marry Ronny after all. He agrees. Adela, however, immediately feels a sense of disappointment, believing she will now be labeled the same as all the other married Englishwomen in India. They go inside and tell Mrs. Moore of their plans. Adela begins to feel more pleasant, joining Ronny in poking fun at the Nawab Bahadur. When Ronny and Adela tell Mrs.  Moore of the strange car accident, the older woman shivers and claims that the car must have hit a â€Å"ghost. † Meanwhile, down in the city of Chandrapore, the Nawab Bahadur describes the accident to others. He explains that it took place near the site where he ran over and killed a drunken man nine years ago. The Nawab Bahadur insists that the dead man caused the accident that occurred this evening. Aziz is skeptical, however, and feels that Indians should not be so superstitious. Analysis: Chapters VII–VIII Though Fielding himself disregards racial boundaries, his tea party does not quite develop into a successful version of the Bridge Party. Aziz and Adela both appear overexcited during the tea, while Mrs. Moore and Professor Godbole remain withdrawn from the others’ chatter. The sudden cultural interaction carries Adela away and convinces her, almost subconsciously, that she cannot remain in India and become a wife at the club—prompting the spontaneous admission that upsets Mrs. Moore. The tea sours when Ronny arrives, though his rudeness appears only to bring out tensions that already existed. Aziz becomes grotesquely overfamiliar, Adela blames herself and Ronny, Fielding becomes annoyed, and Mrs. Moore becomes spiritually drained by Godbole’s Hindu song. The tea party is further disturbed by a disparity between what Forster calls â€Å"truth of fact† and â€Å"truth of mood. † Thus far in A Passage to India, we have seen that the Indian characters often tend to say one thing when they mean another. Forster presents this tendency as problematic only for the English, among whom words are taken at face value. Indians appear skilled at identifying the undertones—the unspoken elements—of a conversation. Indeed, we see that Aziz recognizes from tone, rather than words, that Godbole is withholding information from his description of the Marabar Caves. Moreover, when Aziz invites Mrs. Moore and Adela to his house, the â€Å"mood† of his question—his sincere feeling of goodwill and hospitality to the Englishwomen—is all that Aziz means to convey. Adela, however, takes the invitation literally and asks for Aziz’s address. The misunderstanding makes Aziz uncomfortable, as he is in fact embarrassed about the appearance of his home. Fielding, too, reacts negatively to Adela’s literal-mindedness. This disconnect between cultural uses of language is an important division between the English and Indians in the novel. Forster explores another divide between the English and Indian cultures through the idea of naming or labeling. If the English in the novel always say exactly what they mean, they also are quick to attach names or labels to objects and people around them. When Adela and Ronny sit together at the club, Adela wonders aloud what kind of bird sits on the tree above them. Ronny does not know, which depresses Adela even more; meanwhile, the narrator notes that nothing is identifiable in India, as things disappear or change before one can name them. The British in India realize that with the ability to name or label things comes power. It is for this reason that Fielding’s remark that â€Å"whites† are really â€Å"pinko-grey† upsets the men at the club: by deflating labels like â€Å"white† and â€Å"brown,† Fielding implicitly challenges the assertive naming and labeling power of the English in India. If â€Å"white† really only refers to skin tone—rather than also connoting superiority, advanced religion, technology, and morality—then â€Å"whites† have no inherent right to rule India. Adela’s conflicted view of naming or labeling constitutes a major tension within her character. On the one hand, Adela recognizes that the ability to label gives one power—or, as she might say, a purpose or place in the world. India’s resistance to identification, symbolized by the nameless green bird, challenges Adela’s sense of individuality. On the other hand, Adela realizes that being on the receiving end of a label can leave one powerless. It is for this reason that she remains resistant to marrying Ronny, knowing that she will be labeled an Englishwoman in India—a club wife—and that her behavior will be restricted accordingly. When Adela feels her individuality challenged by India’s resistance to identification, she seems more likely to turn to Ronny for marriage; yet, when she recognizes the tyranny of labels like â€Å"Englishwoman in India,† she feels reluctant to marry Ronny. We see in these chapters that the natural environment of India has a direct effect on Ronny and Adela’s engagement. As soon as Adela tells Ronny she does not want to become engaged, their surroundings begin to overwhelm them, making them feel like lonely, sensual beings who share more similarities than differences. In particular, they feel that the night sky swallows them during their ride with the Nawab Bahadur. The sky makes Ronny and Adela feel indistinct as individuals, suddenly part of a larger mass that is somehow fundamentally united. Therefore, when their hands touch accidentally in the car, both Ronny and Adela are attuned to the animalistic thrill of sensuality. Their experience under the engulfing Indian sky draws Ronny and Adela together, forcing them to assert themselves as important, distinct individuals through a commitment to each other. Furthermore, the social environment of India—the Indians who surround Ronny and Adela—contributes to this shift in perspective in the couple’s relationship, their new feeling that they are more alike than different. Specifically, Ronny and Adela feel a bond through their shared distaste for Miss Derek and the Nawab Bahadur—a bond that leads Adela to suddenly reverse her decision and renew her engagement to Ronny. In this regard, Forster implies that the union of marriage requires a third presence, against which husband and wife can define themselves as similar. Indeed, after announcing their renewed engagement, Adela shows her openness to her future with Ronny through her willingness to make fun of the Nawab Bahadur with him. While Ronny and Adela feel a sense of unity against the muddle that is India, we see Mrs. Moore grow even more spiritually attuned to the minds of Indians. First Mrs. Moore appears to be most aligned with the religious figure of Professor Godbole. Godbole’s song, in which God is called but does not come, profoundly affects Mrs. Moore, deepening her sense of separation from her Christian God. Then, when Ronny and Adela tell Mrs.  Moore of their car accident with Nawab Bahadur, the elder woman strongly feels that a ghost caused the accident. Though Ronny and Adela ignore Mrs. Moore, we learn a short while later that the Nawab Bahadur, too, suspects that a ghost caused the accident—the ghost of the drunken man that he ran over nine years ago near the same spot. While Ronny and Adela begin to segregate themselves from the social and natural landscape that surrounds them, Mrs. Moore surrenders to the overwhelming presence and mysticism she feels in India, attuning herself to a sort of collective psyche of the land she is visiting.

Using Music to Teach Ethos :: Personal Narrative Teaching Essays

Using Music to Teach Ethos Introduction After teaching high school English reading and writing for four years, life led me to apply for a position teaching English at a state university. I was hired as an adjunct faculty member, but in my eyes, I was basically a utility man in the Major Leagues. The brief hour-long meeting with the adjunct coordinator was my first exposure to rhetoric and anything related to it. I knew what a rhetorical question was—don’t we all?—and I had heard people make comments such as â€Å"He might think he knows what he’s doing, but in all reality, his talk is all rhetoric.† Still, did I know how to teach this stuff to other people? On the college level? I sat down with the information the coordinator had given me and I found many helpful hints, ideas, and terms. I love terms. If I am given a list of terms, I can often use the definitions to find the common links and make the material teachable. I did an online search and found a Web site that broke down the various elements of rhetoric and included a list of terms. I was in heaven, rhetorically speaking. This first exposure to rhetoric was, I must admit, dull and dreary, much like Latin seemed to be where I used to teach. Dead languages, dead concepts—were the Ancient cultures good for anything other than art, stories, language, and great food? I decided that this seemingly dry material would have to be souped up a bit to attract college freshmen whose attention spans run between 10 and 15 minutes. Then, as Red Skelton might say, I had an apostrophe. I realized that the compositions my students write are comprised of sections, each an entity unto itself which contributes something to the overall essay. I remembered my senior year at UGA, taking â€Å"History and Analysis of Rock and Roll Music,† and the lessons we learned about the different sections of a song and how those sections are merged to create one complete unit. After reading a bit more about rhetorical appeals—ethical, logical, and emotional—I realized that the songs we listen to every day can be linked to this previously unknown, dry material.

John Lennon

IntroductionOn a gloomy night in London, while Hitler's bombs rained down from the sky, John Lennon was born. An infant of war, Lennon would turn out to be a symbol of peace to the entire world. His father left him for the sea and his mother was taken from him in a car crash. However, he had music inside of him, and with this music he built a new family, a family which still endures and still cultivates the lives of many. He journeyed the earth, singing â€Å"come together† and â€Å"all you need is love.† He journeyed to India to study harmony in the land of Gandhi. He gave an anthem to the peace movement when he sang â€Å"All we are saying is give peace a chance† (Give Peace a Chance, 1969). But more importantly, he gave the world vision and dreams when he sang â€Å"Imagine† (1970).This discussion will highlight the points in Lennon’s career that transformed him into one of the most recognized figures of our Western culture. With his influences from Eastern cultures, he incorporated many aspects of this into his music and created a double ideology that can still be seen today. Various aspects of Lennon’s career will be analyzed in order to realize the type of person he was, and how he has influenced our culture at present. In the concluding section, a much deeper analysis will be conducted noting the importance of Lennon’s impact through his music, art and mind.The Career of a GeniusMainly well-known as one of the members of the Beatles as well as the co-composer of the Beatles song catalogue which included many of the most admired rock songs ever written, John Lennon is also distinguished for his solo career, with his continuing status as a celebrity persecuted by one of his own fans, shot dead outside his New York City home, and as a celebrity who used his fame to draw awareness to various peaceful causes (Coleman, 1992).Lennon was born in Liverpool, raised in a middle class home that lacked a father and al so a mother as well; Lennon was for the most part raised by his aunt Mimi, who warned him that while playing his guitar was fine, it was unlikely that he would learn a living from it (Coleman, 1992). He attended an art school where he produced a small group, the Quarrymen, which would later shape the foundation for the Beatles (Conord, 1994).Lennon was the original leader of the Beatles and their most controversial component. At the 1963 Royal Command Performance, he said to the audience, â€Å"On the next number, would those in the cheap seats clap their hands and the rest of you rattle your jewelry.† Upon being awarded the MBE, Lennon observed, â€Å"I can't believe it. I thought you had to drive tanks and win wars† (Conord, 1994). He provoked even more argument when on November 25, 1969, he returned his MBE â€Å"with love† to the Queen to object to Britain's involvement in Vietnam and his song â€Å"Cold Turkey† slid down the charts (Green, 1989).In 1 966, Lennon told Maureen Cleave in the London Evening Standard, â€Å"The Beatles are bigger than Jesus Christ,† provoking a religious repercussion in the United States (Coleman, 1992). A similar British reaction was created when Lennon appeared naked on the cover of his Two Virgins album. An exhibition of Lennon's erotic lithographs had to have eight prints removed under threat of possible prosecution under the Obscene Publications Act. However, they were later declared â€Å"unlikely to deprave or corrupt† by legal experts and handed back (Conord, 1994).In addition to music and art, Lennon also experimented with literature. Lennon wrote his first book, â€Å"In His Own Write†, which subsequently won a Foyle's Literary Prize. This was followed by â€Å"A Spaniard in the Works†. In addition to his film work with the Beatles (Help!, A Hard Day's Night, Let It Be), Lennon had a small role in Richard Lester's illogical black comedy â€Å"How I Won the Warâ €  (Davies, 1968). He was also the focus of the documentary film Imagine.Lennon also formed his first post-Beatles group, the Plastic Ono Band, which originally consisted of himself, Ono, Eric Clapton, Klaus Voorman, and Alan White, who threw together an under rehearsed show for a live concert in Toronto which was recorded as an album and film. Lennon's next Plastic Ono Band effort, Plastic Ono Band with Voorman on bass, Ringo Starr on drums, and occasional piano by Billy Preston and Phil Spector, is one of rock's all-time classic albums (Conord, 1994). Sparse and powerful, the album was an outgrowth of Lennon's involvement in primal scream therapy techniques as he tries to exorcise his personal pain and rejection tempered by feelings of love and hope (Henke, 2003).Paradoxically, following the break-up of the Beatles, even Ringo Starr initially had greater chart success than Lennon (Green, 1989). If Plastic Ono Band evoked Lennon's agony, his â€Å"Imagine† album celebrate d his delight, and proved to be another classic. This was the most melodic of Lennon's solo albums, a quality he would downplay subsequently as his peace expressions gave way to political statements as on his rasping â€Å"Some Time in New York City† album (Henke, 2003). Lennon decided to move to the United States, but Lennon's political activities brought him under examination by the FBI and he was ordered to leave the U.S. by the Immigration establishment (Coleman, 1992). Lennon was able to productively fight the deportation, and in January 1974, he asked the Queen for a Royal Pardon in connection with his drug conviction in order to be free to journey to and from the United States (Green, 1989).Nevertheless, Lennon's dedication as an artist has left a lasting feeling, from his commitment to political causes to his celebrated love for Yoko Ono in the face of public hostility and contempt (Seaman, 1991). His solo music has been frequently repackaged, his demo tapes and home recordings formed the basis of a long-running radio show, â€Å"The Lost Lennon Tapes,† a couple of these recordings formed the basis for the two Beatles reunion singles, â€Å"Real Love† and â€Å"Free As a Bird,† and many of these pieces were collected together for release in late 1998 as the Lennon Anthology album (Seaman, 1991). They offer a complete portrait of Lennon, from his pleasure to his misery, his irritation and his wit.Lennon came to the conclusion years ago that what most people around him were most attracted to, was Lennon himself, and few artists have put so much of themselves into their talent so that he and his love for Yoko became his celebrated subjects (Henke, 2003).The Influence of a SoulThe feelings that John Lennon spoke of grew more and more personal, striking a receptive chord in the fans that followed him; some commented that the experience was like group therapy (Aquila, 1985). Following Lennon's tune â€Å"all you need is love,â₠¬  a whole new generation loosened the bonds with their parents and turned to their peers as relatives. With colleague Beatle Paul McCartney, John wrote â€Å"I am the Walrus† (1967), which began with the association with LSD, â€Å"I am he as you are he,† and led to the sixties collective ideal â€Å"we are all together.† From Berlin to Paris, from New York to Sydney, John wandered with his three fellow Beatles, singing and living a meaning of honesty and peacefulness. Lennon and McCartney’s â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (1967)† about â€Å"flowers that grow so incredibly high† was said to present a pleasant image for a central chapter in the history of youth culture: flower power and psychedelia (Weiner, 1984).â€Å"And in the end,† he sang, â€Å"the love you take is equal to the love you make† (â€Å"The End†, 1969). The end for this man of peace came by a gun in the hand of a criminal. Nevertheless John Lenno n is greater in death even than he was in life. In life, John Lennon was a rock star. In death, he was to become a myth. The young people who were his original disciples are no longer young, but are still devoted to him. Now they are joined by their children and grandchildren: Lennon has become a voice that speaks to all generations. The man who was born in hostility and died in violence became a principal representation of peace.We can see the power of indifference and re-initiation in Lennon's music which is only granted to us at a sanctified time. Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether the reason a person becomes a hero or heroine is that they create a new distinctiveness for their generation or that they represent the collective ideals of their society. Perhaps we can say that a commendable figure is the one who listens to his own needs and those of his generation and has the gift to respond to these needs by his talent and flair. John Lennon is just the one who was gifted in converting his private pain and struggle into a public voice (Wiener, 1984), thus he gave his society a meaning to live by, and a dream to pursue.Legacy: A Cultural InfluenceTo an age group of baby boomers, John Lennon was at the head of their culture. His music and way of life changed the way a generation reflected, dressed and felt about drugs, sex and political opinions. Future generations revealed the Beatles and John Lennon in the years after his death (Green, 1989). Today, almost every musical artist regardless of type is familiar with and partial in some way by the music of John Lennon and the Beatles. Possibly the aspect of Lennon's music that makes it so long lasting and influential is its sincerity (Green, 1989). John was not afraid to confront his own demons, writing about the passing away of his mother, his painful removal from heroin, his irritation, his love and his wish for a better world. He was genuine, and the approaches raised by his music remain real today. Now, around 25 years after his death, the influence of John Lennon remains powerful. The world will never know what route Lennon may have taken had he lived further than December 8, 1980. Although in the 40 short years he was on this world, Lennon gave the world music that made it think and feel and changed the way millions of people look at the world. Very few people have had as strong of a legacy as he.ReferencesAquila, Richard. â€Å"Why We Cried: John Lennon and American Culture† in Popular Music & Society. Vol. X, No. 1, 1985.Carr, Roy, and Tony Tyler. The Beatles: An Illustrated Record. Revised and updated edition. New York, Harmony Books, 1981.Coleman, Ray â€Å"Lennon: The Definitive Biography.† Harper Perennial, New York, 1992.Conord, Bruce W.   John Lennon.   USA:   Main Line Book Co., 1994.Davies, Hunter. The Beatles. Harper Collins, 1968.Du Noyer, Paul â€Å"We All Shine on: The Stories Behind Every John Lennon Song: 1970-1980.† Harperperennial Library, 1997.Green, John â€Å"Dakota Days.† St Martins Mass Market Paper, 1989.Henke, James. Lennon Legend: An Illustrated Life of John Lennon: Chronicle, 2003.â€Å"Legend-John Lennon†Ã‚  Online.   http://www.johnlennon-legend.com 4/4/07.Norman, Philip.  SHOUT!.   New York:   Simon and Schuster, 1981Seaman, Frederic â€Å"The Last Days of John Lennon.† Birch Lane Pr, 1991.Wiener, Jon. Come Together: John Lennon in His Time. New York: Random House, 1984. John Lennon John Lennon: The Smart Beatle â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one I hope someday you'll join us and the world will be as one,† is the chorus of Imagine, one of the most famous John Lennon songs. John Winston Ono Lennon was a singer, songwriter, artist and a hero in the eyes of the many people that belonged to the world of the hippies during the 1960s through the 1980s. John Lennon was part of the music group the Beatles; who sang about everything from world peace to young love and even drugs. He also became a solo artist after the Beatles split up and created a sound of his own.He earned the love and admiration of his generation by creating a huge body of work that inspired and led people (John Lennon). However, he was not a god in any way; he had his flaws just like any other person. John Lennon suffered through a rough childhood, faced a challenging, yet exciting adulthood and would never get a chance to experience his manhood. As a child, John Len non was defiant, determined and extremely intelligent. John Lennon was born on October 09, 1940 during the Nazi bombing of Britain (â€Å"John Lennon Biography†). John was born to Alfred Lennon and Julia Stanley Lennon.They separated when he was a baby, but were never officially divorced. He did not see his father from the age of four, until after he became famous. After Alfred and Julia separated, Julia started a new relationship with John â€Å"Bobby† Dykins. When the social services discovered that young John was sharing a bed with Julia and her new partner, it was agreed that John would move in with Mimi Smith, Julia's sister (Coleman 88-89). John was raised in Woolton, Liverpool by his Aunt Mimi (63). At the age of four he was taught to read and write by his Uncle George, later came to have a passion for books (99).John attended Dovedale Primary School where he did well in all of his classes. John excelled in art but had a weakness in math.. At the age of eleven J ohn was accepted into Quarry Bank High School after passing an eleven-plus exam (104,106). While attending Quarry Bank High School, John became less responsible. John started failing to pay attention in class, would skip lessons, started to smoke and began to swear (107-108). John attended Liverpool College of Art and was kicked out by the age of nineteen for disorderliness. All these things would not be enough to prepare him for what he was to encounter as a growing adult.During his adulthood, John became more daring, less responsible and was found caught up in the rush of fame. At the age of sixteen, John became a fan of Elvis Presley, who at the time was just being discovered. Elvis became the inspiration behind the band that John formed called the â€Å"Quarry Men†, named after his school (â€Å"John Lennon biography†). Shortly after forming the band, John met Paul McCartney and a friendship based solely on music was formed. After playing their first gig, the band began to gain momentum and decided it was time for a new name (194).As the band started to throw around names such as Long John Silver, one of the band members came up with the name the Beetles. John would later change the name to the Beatles, to incorporate the word ‘beat’ which was a popular word used to define the unique bands that originated from Liverpool (195-196). After the Beatles were discovered by Brian Epstein in 1961 at the Cavern Club, they released their first single, Love Me Do in October 1962 and it peaked on the British charts at number 17. The Beatles became the first band to break out in the United States, creating the Beatlemania.After Beatlemania started to lose the magic that is possessed from the start, the band split up. After an extended break, the band returned to the studio to expand their experimental with drug-influenced exotic instrumentation/lyrics and tape abstractions. The first sample was the single Penny Lane/Strawberry Fields Forever, followed up by Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, still considered by many to be the greatest rock album ever (â€Å"John Lennon Biography†). John never did get to experience his manhood, but he did get to experience many other things like marriage, divorce and having kids.The first woman he married was his college friend Cynthia Powell. Cynthia became his wife during Beatlemania and had their son during that time too. On April 8, 1963 their son John Charles Julian Lennon was born (Coleman 261). John Lennon did no want to get married, but in order to protect Cynthia and the child he decided that marriage was the best option (264). Cynthia Powell said, â€Å"I don’t think that we’d have been married if I hadn’t become pregnant. He wasn’t the sort at the age of twenty- one to say: â€Å"Will you marry me? It was all so immediate that we hardy realized the seriousness of it all: making love, getting pregnant, getting married. † (qtd. in C oleman 263). After meeting Yoko Ono at one of her art showings in 1966, John and her started to have an affair. As they got more and more serious John finally had the courage to tell Cynthia what was going on (422). Though they tried to work through this hard time, John finally decided to end their marriage in 1968 (440). John and Yoko were married on March 20, 1969 (John Lennon). They had a son, Sean Lennon Ono, in 1975.John’s second marriage ended on December 8, 1980 when he was assassinated by an enraged fan outside of his hotel (John Lennon Biography). After the death of John Lennon his record sales soared and he continued to be admired by his generation (John Lennon). On December 14, 1980, a ten-minute silent vigil in John’s honour was observed around the world at 2:00 P. M. E. S. T. (Coleman 724). John left behind a legacy of music that has reached generation after generation. John Lennon suffered through a rough childhood, faced a challenging, yet exciting adult hood and would never get a chance to experience his manhood.As a child, John was raised by his Aunt Mimi after his parents were divorced, never saw his father until he became famous and was seventeen when he lost his mother after she was hit by a car. During his adulthood he formed a band, began a friendship with Paul McCartney and his renamed band, the Beatles were discovered by Brian Epstein. John never did get to experience his manhood, but he did get to experience many other things like marriage, divorce and having kids. He married, divorced and had a child with Cynthia Powell. Then he married and had a child with Yoko Ono and during their marriage he was assassinated by an enraged fan.John left behind a legacy of music that has reached generation after generation. â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one I hope someday you'll join us and the world will be as one,† is the chorus of Imagine, one of the most famous John Lennon songs. Works Cited Colema n, Ray. Lennon: the definitive biography. USA: HarperCollins Publishers, 1985. Print. â€Å"John Lennon Biography. † The Rock and Roll Hall of fame and museum. Web. 09. Aug. 2012 â€Å"John Lennon. † 2012. Biography. com 2012. Biography. com 10 Aug 2012

Causes of Breast Cancer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1574 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Breast Cancer Essay Did you like this example? Cancer is the most lethal and dangerous diseases for human beings. Huge resources have been spent to acknowledge breast cancer evolution, to figure out causes and to develop methods of treating breast cancer. For all these researchers main point is to understand cancer development pathway, and to increase overall survival percentage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Causes of Breast Cancer" essay for you Create order Nowadays, scientists are faced with the hard problem, and they are inability to cure it once the breast cancer developed. The key to prevent breast cancer is to analyze and learn more about the biological mechanisms which cause it, and try to identify very early changes. Human breast cancer evolution is not clear and defined. Researchers have not been able to identify early morphological, cellular, or molecular changes which caused to develop breast cancer disease. These research article based on five different investigators scientific articles about breast cancer origin and evolution, molecular evolution of the breast cancer, gene mutations which cause breast cancer, tumor cell growth in human breast cancer. Many research are done to find solution and prevent breast cancer in early stages. Peter T Simpson article explains invasive breast cancer evolution and development. The whole point of this article is to analyze invasive breast cancer molecules, for better understanding its development. Invasive cancer evolution begins in the lobules; women breast glands that produced milk. After developing invasive cancer cells, they break lobule and spread to the other parts of the body. According to Peter T Simpson article, breast cancer cell development a new ways described in the last a few years. Most of the research have the same result, that the Nuclear grade connected with genetic changes or mutations in breast cancer cells (Simpson, 2005). Based on â€Å"Molecular Evolution of Breast Cancer† article there are low?grade and high?grade invasive cancer development. During low?grade invasive cancer cells development, ER (estrogen receptor) and PgR (progesterone receptor) are positive and Her-2 is negative, this means that cancer cells receive signals from progesterone receptor and stop growing (Simpson, 2005). On the other hand, during high?grade development, there are nuclear abnormalities, estrogen receptor is negative and Her-2 is positive. This means that estrogen is supporting cancer cells growth and spread of (Simpson, 2005). However, even a single changes of nuclear molecules can cause breast cancer. According to Kornelia Polyak article, researchers beginning to understand cancer cells behavior relating to tumor heterogeneity and development. â€Å"Breast Cancer: Origins and Evolution† article explains tumor cells, analyzes tumor cells, gives information about evolution of tumor cell based on genetic changes and gene expression changes in organisms (epigenetic). The two common models that this article describes are the cancer stem cell and the clonal evolution hypotheses (Polyak, 2007). As in every model, this two also sharing similarities and have differences between them. The main difference of this two hypotheses is that cancer cells are offspring of cancer stem cells, and can not undergo stem cells unlimited division (self-renewing). Also, after increasing genetic changes the cancer stem cell can control tumor cells movement. Secondary, according to the clonal evolution model, the cancer cells developed multiple phenotypes during genetic and epigenetic changes (Polyak, 2007). Phenotypes are not stable and can change when the tumor cell developed. All tumor cells have the function to undergo cells unlimited division. So, the important difference between the models is describing same types of tumor cell behavior in every case with different mechanisms: either tumor cell genetic or epigenetic changes or tumor cells different phenotypes. Based on Kornelia Polyak scientific research article, both models sharing similarities as well. The most important function that connects both models is tumor cell origination from a single cell that had multiple mutations and variations. â€Å"Breast Tumor Heterogeneity† article discusses the same topic with different views. Lauren L. Campbell Kornelia Polyak article describes tumor cells morphologies and behaviors in a human breast. The evolution of tumor heterogeneity is not clear; mutations and changes in the nature can effect tumor heterogeneity. As described in a previous article, â€Å"Breast Cancer: Origins and Evolution†, this article also explains tumor cells evolution based on two most popular concepts: the cancer stem cell hypothesis, and the clonal evolution model (Campbell, 2007). A lot of research and scientific findings support one of these two hypothesis. These two models are very different, but still sharing some similarities. Based on this article information, breast tumor heterogeneity caused by the clonal evolution hypothesis (Campbell, 2007). The main concept of this article is analyzing breast cancer cells, the most common hypothesis, and the role of clonal evolution model in tu mor heterogeneity. These processes are key to develop new effective ways to solve and prevent breast cancer problem worldwide. There are a few similarities that the cancer stem cell hypothesis and the clonal evolution model share it. According to the authors, in each case, tumor cell originate from a single cell that has mutations. Also, in each case, genetic and environmental changes can increase the risk, as well. Finally, both the cancer stem cell hypothesis, and the clonal evolution model have stem cell: cells within a tumor that can dividing and give rise many tumor cells. These two models have differences as well. First of all, they explain tumor heterogeneity with different mechanisms. Second, according to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, normal stem cells are the most effective of changes, while non of the normal cells are identified by the clonal evolution model. Lastly, according to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, only a small amount of cancer stem cells present during tumor growth, while the clonal evolution model expects that any tumor cell has high risk to be involved in this process. Researchers are working to figure out the main cause of breast cancer that is still undefined. The previous articles discuss breast cancer evolution, molecular changes, tumor heterogeneity and tumor cell evolution the most common concepts. But this article has different view to the same problem. It discusses the role of genetics to determine breast cancer rick in advance. The main concept of this article is using family history to determine breast cancer risk. According to the American Journal of Human Genetics research study results in 2002, women who had BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 1and 2) genes mutations in their history have huge risk to get breast cancer (more than 80% ), than women without carrying mutation gene (Antoniou, 2003). Also, according to the same article research, children who have mutant gene transferred from parents, develop breast cancer during their life (Antoniou, 2003). The main point of this article is to discuss BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, wh ich causes both breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Males and females, who are carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation, were tested and the results are very different. BRCA1 gene mutation does not develop breast cancer among males, but BRCA2 genes have high risk to develop breast cancer. For females, BRCA1 gene mutation have high risk factor to evolve breast cancer, and with BRCA2 gene mutation both breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Lastly, according to the American Journal of Human Genetics, a father with gene mutations can pass the abnormal gene to his children. If the child is a girl, she already has high risk of developing Hereditary breast cancer; gene mutation transferred from parent to child, which developed in very early ages. Based on â€Å"New England Journal of Medicine† report, after Breast Cancer 1 and Breast Cancer 2 gene mutation, the second gene mutation which causes breast cancer is PALB2 gene. The main concept of this scientific article is to explain PALB2 gene importance, and the side effects of PALB2 gene abnormal function. A study founds that breast cancer risk increases of PALB2 gene abnormal function. According to this article, PALB2 gene localized of the BRCA2 gene, and it’s main function is to repair damaged DNA and stop tumor growth (Antoniou, 2014). Also, PALB2 gene makes protein that works with the BRCA2 gene. Unlike the previous articles research, for this experiment researchers collected information from 362 family members (Antoniou, 2014). The half of the family members had an abnormal PALB2 gene, but they did not have an mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene in their family history (Antoniou, 2014). As of result, 229 women out of 311 had been detected with breast cancer, beca use of PALB2 gene mutation. For men’s, seven out of 51 identified with breast cancer. Based on this study results, the risk to develop breast cancer with PALB2 gene mutation is 14% among women. But the percentage of developing breast cancer increases by age 50 and above. In conclusion, this research paper based on five different scientific articles with the same view of the problem; understand causes and find solutions to overcome breast canes. In order to prevent breast cancer, researchers analyzing and developing more knowledge about the biological mechanisms, and trying to identify breast cancer during very early stages. Based on the research articles, the evolution of human breast cancer is not clear, very little is known about it. Scientists have not been able to identify early morphological, cellular, or molecular changes which developed breast cancer disease. This research paper analysis breast cancer origin and evolution, molecular evolution of breast cancer, breast tumor heterogeneity, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation and breast cancer risk during PALB2 mutation. This research paper explains two main well defined pathways to the evolution of low?grade and high?grade invasive disease, the two most common models: the cancer stem cell and the clonal evolution and selection hypotheses, compared and contrasted human tumor cells, as well as used family history to explain breast cancer.